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A person's livelihood refers to their "means of securing the necessities of life". Livelihood is defined as a set of economic activities, involving self-employment, and or wage employment by using one’s endowments (both human and material) to generate adequate resources for meeting the requirements of the self and household on a sustainable basis with dignity (“Definition of Livelihood”) .  A fisherman's livelihood for example, depends on the availability and accessibility of fish. The concept of livelihood is used in the fields such as political ecology in research that focuses on sustainability and human rights. The term 'sustainable livelihood' was first used as a development concept in the early 1990s. Chambers and Conway (1991) defined a sustainable livelihood as follows: "A livelihood comprises people, their capabilities and their means of living, including food, income and assets. A livelihood is environmentally sustainable when it maintains

Sustainable development in Africa has always been a call for concern. Africa is endowed with rich and diverse renewable and non-renewable natural resources, yet its people remain among the poorest in the world (Sustainable Development Report on Africa - Managing Land-Based Resources for Sustainable Development , 2012) . The lack of balanced development – where economic, social and environmental dimensions are given due consideration for sustainable development – has led the international community to consider different paradigms of development (Dione, 2012) . The National Strategies for Sustainable Development in Africa – A sixteen country Assessment, complements the available resources on the sustainable development strategic process.  It provides an assessment of the level of development and implementation of National Strategies for Sustainable Development (NSSD) in African countries (Africa, 2011) . According to the aforementioned assessment, most countries are progressively

An Overview of Sustainable Development Sustainable development has been an issue of utmost importance in the world for the past two centuries (20 th and 21 st centuries). We define sustainable development as follows: “a process for improving the range of opportunities that will enable individual human beings and communities to achieve their aspirations and full potential over a sustained period of time, while maintaining the resilience of economic, social and environmental systems” (Munasinghe, 1992) . Experts in sustainable development have agreed on a focal issue regarding sustainable development; and that is the optimal model for sustainable development . This concept shall be henceforth referred to as the ‘ Sustainable Development Triangle and Balanced viewpoint’.  Sustainable development requires balanced and integrated analysis from three main perspectives: social, economic and environmental (Mohan Munasinghe, 2009) .                                    Fig 1:

For so many years now, the increased use of plastic in agriculture has led to an increase in crop production and quality. Plastics allow for vegetables and fruits to be grown all year round (this is very beneficial to the countries in the temperate and polar zones of the world). Plastics used in agriculture include: polyolefin, polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA), Poly-vinyl chloride (PVC), and the less commonly used Polycarbonate (PC), and poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA). Why is plastic so beneficial to agriculture then? Plastics are used in: ·       Ensilage : This is very useful during the winter season. Fodder is harvested while green and kept lush through partial fermentation in a silo. Plastic films are used in storing the silage (for their resistance). ·       Diverse applications : Plastics are also used in components for irrigation systems like spray cones (these tapes hold the aerial parts of a plant in a greenhouse). They are

Abstract This write-up is a critique of the Industrial Component of Cameroon’s Vision 2035. It opens up with a summary of the vision, closely followed by the provisions of the vision as regards industrialization. Industries and services as a component of sector objectives are detailly analyzed in follow up of the listed industrial provisions. The achievement of double-digit growth rates in production are also questioned. In conclusion, we might be tempted to say that Cameroon’s vision 2035 is an overextended and unrealizable plan, reading from current national economic, political, and social indicators. List of Abbreviations AU African Union CFA F Franc of the Financial Community of Africa FDI Foreign Direct Investment GDP Gross Domestic Product IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICTs Information and Communication Technologies