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Blogs (short for Web Logs) first emerged almost a decade ago as a medium for posting online diaries. (In a perhaps apocryphal story, Wired Magazine claimed the term “Web Log” was coined by Jorn Barger, a sometimes homeless, yet profoundly prolific, Internet poster). [1] Blogs in the typical sense, provide comment mechanisms where users can post feedback for authors and other readers. The blogging community form what is today known as the blogosphere (a powerful voice for change). Popular blogs are discovered via blogging apps like ‘trackbacks’. Blog popularity is reinforced mainly through the use of ‘blog rolls’. Blog-ranking indexes and websites then take over with the blog classification. Trackbacks are links in 
 a 
 blog 
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 that   refer   r eaders   back   to   cited   sources. Simply put, trackbacks are third party links back to original blog post(s). Trackbacks   allow   a   blogger   to   see   which 
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Managerial accounting is the process of identifying, measuring, analyzing, interpreting and communicating information for the pursuit of an organization’s goals (Investopedia, n.d.) . Others define management accounting as a function of tracking internal cost for any business process that helps an individual or an organization in making decisions related to production, operations and investment. Simply put, management accounting is the provision of financial and non-financial decision-making information to managers. Management accountants are needed so companies can know the efficiency of their budgets, the cost of their operations, and be able to allocate funds accordingly in investment, production and sales. A management accountant has a role that is very crucial to any organization’s wellbeing.  The role and incumbent responsibilities of a management accountant are so huge, which leaves no room for error. A single miscalculation or underestimation of a business plan don...

Law is the system of rules which a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and which it may enforce by the imposition of penalties. A forensic accountant operates with guiding principles and law. Knowledge of the law is crucial to forensic accountants, as they are to investigate only on matters related to the statutory elements of crime. An overwhelming number of laws relate to financial crime. Remembering that the law in a larger sense, consists of all the formal means of societal control available in a society is thus helpful. Law could be classified into: criminal law, civil law and administrative law. Civil law is the system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs. Administrative law, according to Wikipedia is the body of law that governs the activities of administrative agencies of government. Criminal law on the other hand is a system of law c...

Fraud englobes a range of irregular and unlawful acts qualified by intentional deceit. Fraud could be perpetrated by people within or out of an organization, this could either be done to the benefit of the organization or to its detriment. Fraud contrived to benefit an organization yields the intended benefit by exploiting an unfair advantage that could deceive an outsider. The perpetrators of such fraud benefit indirectly, the staff of the organization will benefit only when the organization is aided by the act. Examples of ‘positive’ fraud include: ·         Sale of fictitious or misrepresented assets; ·         Intentional, improper representation or valuation of transactions, assets, liabilities, or income; ·         Engagement in prohibited business which violate rules, regulations or contracts; ·         Any form of tax fraud e.g. ...

Company Background : HealthSouth is traded as a public company. It operates in the healthcare industry. It was founded in 1979 and has headquarters in Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Its products are: home health, rehabilitation and hospice. It is the largest publicly traded health care company in the U.S. What Happened? HealthSouth got involved in a corporate accounting scandal in which its founder, CEO, and chairman, Richard M. Scrushy was criminated of directing company employees to falsely report grossly exaggerated company earnings in order to meet stockholder expectations. These earnings were allegedly inflated by $1.4 billion to meet shareholder expectations. The accounting fraud began in 1999 and lasted through the second quarter of 2002  (Andrejczak, 2003) . By the third quarter of 2002, HealthSouth’s assets were inflated by $800 million, or 10 percent, the SEC alleges (Andrejczak, 2003) . The company’s in-house accountants made multiple false journal entries to the P...